Anonymous
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Search
Editing
Bile salt
From MEpedia, a crowd-sourced encyclopedia of ME and CFS science and history
Namespaces
Page
Discussion
More
More
Page actions
Read
Edit
Edit source
History
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
{{Cleanup | date = March 2019|reason=Needs organizing/headings and properly cited. Image needs sourcing and license. Hypothesis and opinion without citations are on Discussion tab}} '''Bile salts''' are the sodium salts found in '''bile acid''', including ''sodium taurocholate'' and ''sodium glycocholate.''<ref name=":1">{{Cite book | url = https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bile+salts | title = Collins Dictionary of Medicine | last = | first = | publisher = | year = 2004|isbn=|editor-link = |location=| pages=|chapter=|quote=|editor-last2 = |editor-link2 = }}</ref> Bile salts are found naturally in bile which is created and secreted by the liver, and help absorb dietary [[Essential fatty acid|fats]].<ref name=":1" /> Bile acids are created from [[cholesterol]] (a type of fat), bile (digestion fluid), and [[:Category:Proteins|proteins]] also found in the [[liver]].{{Citation needed}} The purpose of bile salts is to help breakdown and transport lipid compounds out of the intestinal lumen and into the intestinal cells.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal | last = Cowen | first = A.E. | last2 = Campbell | first2 = C.B. | date = Dec 1977 | title = Bile salt metabolism. I. The physiology of bile salts |url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/274936 | journal = Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine | volume = 7 | issue = 6 | pages = 579–586|issn=0004-8291|pmid=274936}}</ref> Some examples of molecules that need bile salts for absorption include cholestrol and fat soluble vitamins. Bile salts are recycled by the body. In fact, only approximately 5% of the bile salts that are used are excreted.<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/liver/bile.html | title = Secretion of Bile and the Role of Bile Acids In Digestion | website = vivo.colostate.edu | access-date = 2019-03-22}}</ref> This metabolism of bile salts is called enterohepatic circulation.<ref name=":0" /> === Bile salt supplementation === Supplementing with Bile Salts has been suggested for those with biliary sludge (build up of bile) but not for individuals who have had their [[gallbladder]] removed. Experts at Harvard Health claim that there is no reason to supplement bile salts as long as you have a healthy functioning liver.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/do-i-need-to-take-bile-salts-after-gallbladder-surgery | title = Do I need to take bile salts after gallbladder surgery? | last = | first = | author-link = | date = | website = | archive-url = | archive-date = |url-status = | access-date=}}</ref> There may be reasons to consider supplementing with bile salts if you have high cholestrol or have problems absorbing fat soluble [[Vitamin|vitamins]] (A,D,E,K). Note that unnecessary supplementation of bile salts has been known to cause [[diarrhea]] - also known as bile acid malabsorption (BAM). BAM is considered to be a major cause of urgency and loose stool in about a thirdof those with [[irritable bowel syndrome]] (IBS).<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.mayoclinic.org/medical-professionals/digestive-diseases/news/identifying-diarrhea-caused-by-bile-acid-malabsorption/mac-20430098 | title = Identifying diarrhea caused by bile acid malabsorption | last = | first = | author-link = | date = | website = [[Mayo clinic]]| archive-url = | archive-date = |url-status = | access-date=2019-04-08}}</ref> ===Bile salts and the immune system=== Bile salts are capable of communicating with [[Macrophage|macrophages]] (a kind of white blood cell) and facilitating an immune response. Therefore it is possible that those with altered concentrations of bile acids may be at risk for a lack of response to [[Infection|infections]].<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Graf | first = Dirk | last2 = Häussinger | first2 = Dieter | last3 = Köhrer | first3 = Karl | last4 = Deenen | first4 = René | last5 = Wolf | first5 = Stephanie | last6 = Ehlting | first6 = Christian | last7 = Bode | first7 = Johannes G. | last8 = Schupp | first8 = Anna-Kathrin | last9 = Wammers | first9 = Marianne | date = 2018-01-10 | title = Reprogramming of pro-inflammatory human macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype by bile acids |url =https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-18305-x | journal = Scientific Reports|language=en | volume = 8 | issue = 1 | pages = 255|doi=10.1038/s41598-017-18305-x|issn=2045-2322}}</ref> Secondary [[Infection|infections]] as a complication to having the [[Influenza|flu]] virus are caused by the lack of immune response, probably as a result of a virus infiltrating macrophages production and become a transmission method. == Notable studies == No studies have yet been carried out on the effect of bile salt supplementation on patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. * 2002, [https://academic.oup.com/ajh/article/15/4/291/217326 A Link Between Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Intracellular Calcium, Plasma Insulin, and Essential Hypertension]<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Kristal | first = Batya | last2 = Shasha | first2 = Shaul M. | last3 = Chezar | first3 = Judith | last4 = Shapiro | first4 = Galina | last5 = Levy | first5 = Rivka | last6 = Farah | first6 = Raymond | last7 = Shurtz-Swirski | first7 = Revital | last8 = Sela | first8 = Shifra | date = 2002-04-01 | title = A link between polymorphonuclear leukocyte intracellular calcium, plasma insulin, and essential hypertension | url =https://academic.oup.com/ajh/article/15/4/291/217326 | journal = American Journal of Hypertension|language=en | volume = 15 | issue = 4 | pages = 291–295|doi=10.1016/S0895-7061(01)02328-7|issn=0895-7061}}</ref> * 2009, [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Folkert_Kuipers2/publication/23761751_Role_of_Bile_Acids_and_Bile_Acid_Receptors_in_Metabolic_Regulation/links/02e7e528dc7fe1b0af000000.pdf Role of Bile Acids and Bile Acid Receptors in Metabolic Regulation] == See also== * [[Macrophage]] * [[Mineral]] * [[Vitamin|Vitamins]] * [[Infection]] * [[Immune system]] == Learn more == * Reprogramming of pro-inflammatory human macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype by bile acids https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-18305-x * ”The ability to infect and replicate in macrophages is implicated in the pathogenesis of many viruses, such as influenza virus [1], rabies virus [2], and dengue virus [3].” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4774560/ * The role of macrophages in influenza A virus infection https://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/pdf/10.2217/fvl.14.65 == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Nutrients]] [[Category:Supplements]]
Summary:
Please make sure your edits are consistent with
MEpedia's guidelines
.
By saving changes, you agree to the
Terms of use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 3.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)
Templates used on this page:
Template:Ambox
(
edit
)
Template:Category handler
(
edit
)
Template:Citation needed
(
edit
)
Template:Cite book
(
edit
)
Template:Cite journal
(
edit
)
Template:Cite web
(
edit
)
Template:Cleanup
(
edit
)
Template:Cleanup reason text
(
edit
)
Template:Colon
(
edit
)
Template:DMC
(
edit
)
Template:DMCA
(
edit
)
Template:Dated maintenance category
(
edit
)
Template:Digits
(
edit
)
Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME
(
edit
)
Template:Fix
(
edit
)
Template:Fix/category
(
view source
) (protected)
Template:Full stop
(
edit
)
Template:Full stop character
(
edit
)
Template:GetFallback
(
edit
)
Template:Help improve text
(
edit
)
Template:LangSwitch
(
edit
)
Template:Last word
(
edit
)
Template:Main other
(
edit
)
Template:No fullstop
(
edit
)
Template:No fullstop/first
(
edit
)
Template:Ns has subpages
(
edit
)
Template:Reflist
(
edit
)
Template:Str endswith
(
edit
)
Template:Str len
(
edit
)
Template:Uselang
(
edit
)
Template:Year
(
edit
)
Module:Arguments
(
edit
)
Module:Category handler
(
edit
)
Module:Category handler/blacklist
(
edit
)
Module:Category handler/config
(
edit
)
Module:Category handler/data
(
edit
)
Module:Category handler/shared
(
edit
)
Module:Check for unknown parameters
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist
(
edit
)
Module:Message box/configuration
(
edit
)
Module:Message box by year
(
edit
)
Module:Namespace detect/config
(
edit
)
Module:Namespace detect/data
(
edit
)
Module:No globals
(
edit
)
Module:Ns has subpages
(
edit
)
Module:String
(
edit
)
Module:Unsubst
(
edit
)
Module:Yesno
(
edit
)
This page is a member of 5 hidden categories:
Category:All articles needing cleanup from 2019
Category:All articles with unsourced statements
Category:Articles needing cleanup from 2019
Category:Articles with unsourced statements from unknown year
Category:Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from 2019
Navigation
Navigation
Skip to content
Main page
Browse
Become an editor
Random page
Popular pages
Abbreviations
Glossary
About MEpedia
Links for editors
Contents
Guidelines
Recent changes
Pages in need
Search
Help
Wiki tools
Wiki tools
Special pages
Page tools
Page tools
User page tools
More
What links here
Related changes
Page information
Page logs