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Autopsy in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis
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==== Richardson 2001 study ==== The [[John Richardson]] 2001 study<ref name="Richardson2011">{{cite journal | last1 = Richardson | first1 = J. | title = Viral Isolation from Brain in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis | journal = Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | volume = 9 | issue = 3-4| year = 2001 | pages = 15β19|issn=1057-3321|doi=10.1300/J092v09n03_03 | url = https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J092v09n03_03 | date = |via= | author-link = John Richardson}}</ref> examined the brain tissues of a male ME/CFS patient who died from suicide by hanging. This patient had high titers to [[coxsackie B1 virus]], and also titers to [[Coxsackievirus B4|coxsackie B4 virus]]. Brain tissue samples were sent to Professor [[James Mowbray]], who used immunoperoxidase staining with monoclonal antibody D8/1 to detect enteroviral VP1 protein. Enterovirus VP1 protein was found in fibroblasts in the adventitia of small blood vessels in the cerebral cortex, and there was a patchy distribution of the VP1 protein in a small fraction of the [[glial cells]]. Note that most glial cells are astrocytes, and one study found [[coxsackie B]] virus can create a persistent infection in human astrocyte cells lines,<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Zhang | first = Xiaowei | last2 = Zheng | first2 = Zhenhua | last3 = Shu | first3 = Bo | last4 = Liu | first4 = Xijuan | last5 = Zhang | first5 = Zhenfeng | last6 = Liu | first6 = Yan | last7 = Bai | first7 = Bingke | last8 = Hu | first8 = Qinxue | last9 = Mao | first9 = Panyong | date = 2013-11-15 | title = Human Astrocytic Cells Support Persistent Coxsackievirus B3 Infection | url =https://jvi.asm.org/content/87/22/12407 | journal = Journal of Virology|language=en | volume = 87 | issue = 22 | pages = 12407β12421|doi=10.1128/JVI.02090-13|issn=0022-538X|pmc=3807905|pmid=24027313|via=}}</ref> and another found coxsackie B virus can replicate in the astrocytes of mice brains.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Zeng | first = Jun | last2 = Wang | first2 = Gefei | last3 = Li | first3 = Weizhong | last4 = Zhang | first4 = Dangui | last5 = Chen | first5 = Xiaoxuan | last6 = Xin | first6 = Gang | last7 = Jiang | first7 = Zhiwu | last8 = Li | first8 = Kangsheng| date = 2013 | title = Induction of cytopathic effect and cytokines in coxsackievirus B3-infected murine astrocytes |url =https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-422X-10-157 | journal = Virology Journal|language=en | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | pages = 157|doi=10.1186/1743-422x-10-157|issn=1743-422X|pmc=3680086|pmid=23693026|via=}}</ref>
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