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Aloe vera
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=== Tissue healing === Aloeβs tissue-healing properties are thought to come from its rich polysaccharide content. [[Mannose]]-rich aloe [[polysaccharide]]s, like [[glucomannan]] and [[acemmanan]], along with [[gibberellin]], a growth hormone, interact with growth factor receptors on [[fibroblast]]s, a type of cell that synthesizes [[collagen]] and [[extracellular matrix]]. This has been found to significantly increase collagen synthesis in ''in vitro'' and ''in vivo'' animal studies,<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Chithra | first = P. | last2 = Sajithlal | first2 = G.B. | last3 = Chandrakasan | first3 = G. | date = Apr 1998 | title = Influence of Aloe vera on collagen characteristics in healing dermal wounds in rats |url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9562243 | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry | volume = 181 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 71β76|doi=10.1023/a:1006813510959|issn=0300-8177|pmid=9562243|pmc=|quote=|access-date=|via=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Heggers | first = J.P. | last2 = Kucukcelebi | first2 = A. | last3 = Listengarten | first3 = D. | last4 = Stabenau | first4 = J. | last5 = Ko | first5 = F. | last6 = Broemeling | first6 = L.D. | last7 = Robson | first7 = M.C. | last8 = Winters | first8 = W.D. | date = 1996 | title = Beneficial effect of Aloe on wound healing in an excisional wound model | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9395659 | journal = Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.) | volume = 2 | issue = 2 | pages = 271β277|doi=10.1089/acm.1996.2.271|issn=1075-5535|pmid=9395659}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal | last = Atiba | first = Ayman | last2 = Nishimura | first2 = Mayumi | last3 = Kakinuma | first3 = Shizuko | last4 = Hiraoka | first4 = Takeshi | last5 = Goryo | first5 = Masanobu | last6 = Shimada | first6 = Yoshiya | last7 = Ueno | first7 = Hiroshi | last8 = Uzuka | first8 = Yuji | date = 2011-06-01 | title = Aloe vera oral administration accelerates acute radiation-delayed wound healing by stimulating transforming growth factor-Ξ² and fibroblast growth factor production | url =http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002961010006124 | journal = The American Journal of Surgery | volume = 201 | issue = 6 | pages = 809β818|doi=10.1016/j.amjsurg.2010.06.017|issn=0002-9610}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal | last = Thunyakitpisal | first = Pasutha | last2 = Banlunara | first2 = Wijit | last3 = Sangvanich | first3 = Polkit | last4 = Sasithanasate | first4 = Siriruk | last5 = Jettanacheawchankit | first5 = Suwimon | date = 2009 | title = Acemannan Stimulates Gingival Fibroblast Proliferation; Expressions of Keratinocyte Growth Factor-1, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and Type I Collagen; and Wound Healing | url =https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jphs/109/4/109_08204FP/_article/-char/ja/ | journal = Journal of Pharmacological Sciences|language=en | volume = 109 | issue = 4 | pages = 525β531|doi=10.1254/jphs.08204FP|issn=1347-8613}}</ref> and in ''in vitro'' human studies.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Jiang | first = Q. | last2 = Wu | first2 = B.Y. | last3 = Chen | first3 = X.D. | last4 = Liu | first4 = L.Y. | date = Mar 2010 | title = [Influence of Aloe polysaccharide on proliferation and hyaluronic acid and hydroxyproline secretion of human fibroblasts in vitro] | url = http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/20226148 | journal = Zhong xi yi jie he xue bao = Journal of Chinese integrative medicine | volume = 8 | issue = 3 | pages = 256β262|doi=10.3736/jcim20100310|issn=1672-1977|pmid=20226148|pmc=|quote=|access-date=|via=}}</ref> Aloe polysaccharides may also promote fibroblast proliferation.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Yao | first = Hong | last2 = Chen | first2 = Yan | last3 = Li | first3 = Shaoguang | last4 = Huang | first4 = Liying | last5 = Chen | first5 = Wei | last6 = Lin | first6 = Xinhua | date = 2009-08-01 | title = Promotion proliferation effect of a polysaccharide from Aloe barbadensis Miller on human fibroblasts in vitro | url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141813009000828 | journal = International Journal of Biological Macromolecules | volume = 45 | issue = 2 | pages = 152β156|doi=10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2009.04.013|issn=0141-8130}}</ref> [[Acemannan]] has been found in animal studies to increase expression of bone matrix protein-2<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Thunyakitpisal | first = Pasutha Din | last2 = Sangvanich | first2 = Polkit | last3 = Lardungdee | first3 = Peechanika | last4 = Jettanacheawchankit | first4 = Suwimon | last5 = Jittapiromsak | first5 = Nawaporn | date = 2007 | title = Effect of Acemannan on BMP-2 Expression in Primary Pulpal Fibroblasts And Periodontal Fibroblasts, in vitro Study | url = https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jarde/4/3/4_3_149/_article/-char/ja/ | journal = Journal of Oral Tissue Engineering|language=en | volume = 4 | issue = 3 | pages = 149β154|doi=10.11223/jarde.4.149|issn=1348-9623}}</ref> and accelerate bone formation.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Boonyagul | first = Sani | last2 = Banlunara | first2 = Wijit | last3 = Sangvanich | first3 = Polkit | last4 = Thunyakitpisal | first4 = Pasutha | date = Jul 2014 | title = Effect of acemannan, an extracted polysaccharide from Aloe vera, on BMSCs proliferation, differentiation, extracellular matrix synthesis, mineralization, and bone formation in a tooth extraction model | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23315202 | journal = Odontology | volume = 102 | issue = 2 | pages = 310β317|doi=10.1007/s10266-012-0101-2|issn=1618-1255|pmid=23315202|pmc=|quote=|access-date=|via=}}</ref>
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